Gold ETF Vs Gold Mutual Fund: Best Option For Indian Investors 2025
Gold continues to be a formidable portfolio diversification avenue, especially in times of global uncertainty. In fact, gold is one of the most heavily trusted investment avenues in India. According to the World Gold Council, Indian households own gold with a value close to $2 trillion1.
However, there is always a debate among gold investors on the relevance of Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund in 2025, with both channels becoming extremely popular alternatives to physical gold.
If you are planning to invest in gold and want alternatives to physical gold, this blog will help you understand the difference between Gold ETF and Gold Mutual Fund.
Learn which one offers better returns, liquidity, and tax efficiency for Indian investors in 2025.
What’s The Difference Between A Gold ETF And A Gold Mutual Fund?
While both Gold ETFs and Gold Mutual Funds provide exposure to gold prices without the necessity of owning, storing, or safeguarding physical gold, their format, expense, and accessibility vary drastically.
Basis | Gold ETF | Gold Mutual Fund |
Structure | Listed on the stock exchange, trades like shares | Invests in underlying gold ETFs (usually as FoF) |
Demat Account | Required | Not required |
Investment Mode | Through a broking platform | Through a mutual fund platform |
Liquidity | Intra-day, real-time trading | End-of-day NAV; not traded on exchanges |
Minimum Investment | 1 unit (usually the price of 1 gm of gold) | As low as ?500 through SIP |
Expense Ratio | Generally 0.5%–1% | 1%–1.2% (includes underlying ETF cost) |
Exit Load | None | May have an exit load if sold early |
Pricing | Close to the live market gold price | At day’s NAV |
SIP Facility | Not direct; through a broker | Direct and easy |
Returns, Costs And Taxation: What Investors Must Know
When you look at Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund, it is important to analyze their returns, fees, and tax implications. Each of these factors affects how much you end up with and retain from your gold investments.
Historical Returns
Gold ETFs have given slightly higher five-year returns compared to gold mutual funds. The outperformance is essentially because of their direct structure and lower costs.
Here’s a table to draw a comparison between the historical returns of the Gold ETF vs the Gold Mutual Fund:
Time Period | Gold ETFs (Avg. Returns) | Gold Mutual Funds (Avg. Returns) |
1-Year | 11% – 14% | 10% – 13% |
3-Year CAGR | 7% – 9% | 6.5% – 8.5% |
5-Year CAGR | 8% – 10% | 7.5% – 9.5% |
10-Year CAGR | 6.5% – 8.5% | 6% – 8% |
Had you put INR 10,00,000 in a Gold ETF at 14.25% CAGR, your corpus would have increased to approximately INR 19,35,000 in 5 years. The same money invested in a gold mutual fund at 13.25% would be approximately INR 18,57,000.
Moreover, short-term returns tend to be volatile. Both categories experienced one-year returns at approximately 25%, which captured gold's sudden surge in 2025. Nevertheless, analysts observe that gold's capacity to provide sustained high long-term returns has weakened. The probability of getting more than 12% CAGR from gold over ten years is only 0.58%.
Expense Ratios And Other Costs
Gold ETFs are less expensive. They have expense ratios of 0.5% to 1%. Comparatively, gold mutual funds typically have a higher overall expense (up to 1.2%) since they invest in underlying ETFs and then charge their own management fee.
Gold ETF trading entails brokerage fees and a small cost of impact (approximately 0.5% to 0.8%), based on liquidity levels. Mutual funds, however, can have entry or exit loads, particularly if redeemed earlier. Gold ETFs do not have exit or entry loads and are thus economical for active traders.
Taxation
Both Gold ETFs and gold mutual funds are classified as non-equity assets for taxation purposes.
- Short Term (below 3 years): Profits are included in your income and taxed according to your slab.
- Long Term (above 3 years): Taxed at 20% with indexation, meaning inflation-adjusted purchase price.
Neither gives the same tax-free returns as Sovereign Gold Bonds if held to maturity.
Drawdown And Volatility
Both alternatives have seen similar downside risk over big gold price reversals. Gold ETFs tend to have slightly reduced average drawdowns (around 21%). Gold mutual funds may experience drawdowns of up to 21.5%, which makes ETFs slightly more stable for preserving wealth in tumultuous markets.
Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund: Which One Should You Choose
The difference between a gold ETF and a gold mutual fund means suitability varies based on experience, investment style, and access.
Who Should Choose ETFs?
- Comfortable with broker platforms and have a Demat account
- Want real-time gold prices, high liquidity, and lower costs
- Planning to invest larger amounts without paying an exit load
- Prefer direct control and cost-efficient trading
Who Should Choose Gold Mutual Funds?
- Do not have a Demat account and prefer easy SIP options
- Want to start small with low investment amounts (INR 500–INR 1,000)
- Ideal for first-time gold investors seeking simplicity
- Prefer a hands-free, professionally managed route
Both options allow you to invest in gold for diversification from equity and debt markets.
Alternative Investment Options In India
In addition to gold funds and ETFs, investors can also consider:
1. Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs): Backed by the Government of India, SGBs offer 2.5 percent annual interest along with capital gains tax exemption if held till maturity. Ideal for long-term gold investors looking for both returns and tax benefits.
2. Physical Gold: Best suited for traditional buyers valuing jewellery and emotional significance. However, it comes with making charges, storage costs, and risks like theft.
3. Digital Gold: Allows you to buy and sell gold online in small quantities. Great for young investors and those wanting flexible, 24x7 access to gold investments, though it lacks regulatory backing like SGBs.
4. Gold-Linked Bonds and SDIs: For investors seeking fixed income without market volatility, consider alternative investment options like gold-backed bonds or SDIs on platforms such as Grip Invest, offering curated, non-market-linked opportunities.
Conclusion
The Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund discussion has no one-size-fits-all solution. Your decision rests on your familiarity with Demat accounts, liking of SIPs, desired ticket size, and cost-consciousness. Gold ETFs are suitable for investors looking for liquidity and cost-effectiveness, whereas Gold Mutual Funds are suitable for convenience, flexibility, and SIP investing.
If you are looking to explore Gold ETFs or Gold Mutual Funds, consider signing up with Grip Invest. It is a SEBI-regulated investment platform that offers access to a wide range of alternative investment options beyond traditional stocks and mutual funds. With a simple and intuitive interface, Grip allows you to start investing with as little as INR 1,000, making it easy for retail investors to diversify smartly.
FAQs On Gold ETF vs Gold Mutual Fund
1. What is the tax on gold mutual funds in India?
Gold mutual funds are taxed like debt funds. Gains held for less than 3 years are added to income and taxed as per the slab. For more than 3 years, a 20% tax with indexation has applied.
2. Can I invest in gold mutual funds without a demat account?
Yes, Gold Mutual Funds do not require a Demat account. You can invest online or through mutual fund platforms.
3. How are gold ETFs different from sovereign gold bonds?
Gold ETFs are traded on exchanges and mirror gold prices directly, offering flexibility and liquidity. Sovereign Gold Bonds offer 2.5% annual interest, are backed by the Government of India, and are exempt from capital gains if held till maturity.
References:
1. The Times Of India, accessed from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/luxury/cover-story/indian-women-hold-11-of-the-worlds-gold-read-complete-report/articleshow/116435306.cms
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